Oracle数据库多条sql执行语句出现错误时的控制方式

多条sql执行时如果在中间的语句出现错误，后续会不会直接执行，如何进行设定，以及其他数据库诸如MySQL是如何对应的，这篇文章将会进行简单的整理和说明。

环境准备

使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境。

多行语句的正常执行

对上篇文章创建的两个字段的学生信息表，正常添加三条数据，详细如下：

1. # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
2. > desc student
3. > select * from student;
4. > insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
5. > insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
6. > insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
7. > commit;
8. > select * from student;
9. > EOF
10. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018
11. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
12. Connected to:
13. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
14. SQL> Name    Null?  Type
15.  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
16.  STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
17.  STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
18. SQL>
19. no rows selected
20. SQL>
21. 1 row created.
22. SQL>
23. 1 row created.
24. SQL>
25. 1 row created.
26. SQL>
27. Commit complete.
28. SQL>
29.    STUID STUNAME
30. ---------- --------------------------------------------------
31.    1001 liumiaocn
32.    1002 liumiao
33.    1003 michael
34. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
35. #

多行语句中间出错时的缺省动作

问题：

三行insert语句，如果中间的一行出错，缺省的状况下第三行会不会被插入进去？

我们将第二条insert语句的主键故意设定重复，然后进行确认第三条数据是否会进行插入即可。

1. # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
2. desc student
3. delete from student;
4. select * from student;
5. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
6. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
7. insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
8. select * from student;
9. commit;> > > > >   
10. > EOF
11. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018
12. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
13. Connected to:
14. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
15. SQL> Name    Null?  Type
16.  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
17.  STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
18.  STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
19. SQL>
20. 2 rows deleted.
21. SQL>
22. no rows selected
23. SQL>
24. 1 row created.
25. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
26. *
27. ERROR at line 1:
28. ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
29. SQL>
30. 1 row created.
31. SQL>
32.    STUID STUNAME
33. ---------- --------------------------------------------------
34.    1001 liumiaocn
35.    1003 michael
36. SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
37. #

结果非常清晰地表明是会继续执行的，在oracle中通过什么来对其进行控制呢？

WHENEVER SQLERROR

答案很简单，在oracle中通过WHENEVER SQLERROR来进行控制。

WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT

添加此行设定，即会在失败的时候立即推出，接下来我们进行确认：

1. # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
2. WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
3. desc student
4. delete from student;
5. select * from student;
6. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
7. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
8. insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
9. select * from student;
10. commit;> > > > > > > > >
11. > EOF
12. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018
13. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
14. Connected to:
15. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
16. SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
17.  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
18.  STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
19.  STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
20. SQL>
21. 2 rows deleted.
22. SQL>
23. no rows selected
24. SQL>
25. 1 row created.
26. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
27. *
28. ERROR at line 1:
29. ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
30. Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
31. #

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE

使用CONTINUE则和缺省方式下的行为一致，出错仍然继续执行

1. # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
2. WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
3. desc student
4. delete from student;
5. select * from student;
6. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
7. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
8. insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
9. select * from student;
10. commit;> > > > > > > > >
11. > EOF
12. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018
13. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
14. Connected to:
15. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
16. SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
17.  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
18.  STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
19.  STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
20. SQL>
21. 1 row deleted.
22. SQL>
23. no rows selected
24. SQL>
25. 1 row created.
26. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
27. *
28. ERROR at line 1:
29. ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
30. SQL>
31. 1 row created.
32. SQL>
33.    STUID STUNAME
34. ---------- --------------------------------------------------
35.    1001 liumiaocn
36.    1003 michael
37. SQL>
38. Commit complete.
39. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
40. #

Mysql中类似的机制

mysql中使用source是否提供相关的类似机制的问题中，最终引入了Oracle此项功能在mysql中引入的建议，详细请参看：

https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=73177

所以目前这只是一个sqlplus端的强化功能，并非标准，不同数据库需要确认相应的功能是否存在。

小结

Oracle中使用WHENEVER SQLERROR进行出错控制是否继续，本文给出的例子非常简单，详细功能的使用可根据文中列出的Usage进行自行验证和探索。

总结

以上就是Oracle数据库多条sql执行语句出现错误时的控制方式的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值。